Influence of Diet and Food Components on Mental Health

In recent years promotion of lifestyle modifications has been increasingly investigated. In particular, the relationship between nutritional habits and cognitive health has attracted special attention, although it has not been widely studied and fully understood. We review evidence that associates specific micronutrients: antioxidants, dietary fatty acids, vitamins and polyphenols with brain health, especially with those associated with reducing progression of cognitive decline which is a characteristic of several mental illnesses like dementia and depression. We also address the relationship of the diet and gut microbiota with epigenetics modifications and how these modifications might influence mental health. In the last part we analyze the evidence that supports certain compounds or nutrients to prevent or postpone the development of Alzheimer's disease. Although more in vivo assays, use of advanced technologies and randomized clinical trials are needed to give a certainty of the effectiveness of certain dietary patterns and nutrients as a therapeutic approach. They represent promising strategies to maintain mental health and prevent, delay or postpone cognitive decline.