Activated Biochar-Based Metal Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Model Compound

: In this work, different biochar-based metal catalysts were tested for mid-temperature (400 − 600 °C) acetic acid steam reforming. K, Co, Ce, Fe and Ni were chosen as active phases for the production of the studied catalysts. Their performance was evaluated in terms of acetic acid conversion, hydrogen yield, acetone yield, and stability. The best outcomes were obtained for the nickel-based catalysts, which exhibited high conversion (>90%) along with insignificant deactivation rates. Nevertheless, for relatively low nickel loadings, a certain extent of coke deposition was deduced from the observed fluctuations in pressure drop. A 10 wt.% nickel loading appeared to be a reasonable tradeoff between activity and coke production. After the identification of the optimal loading, four bimetallic catalysts were produced with the aim of improving the original activity of the nickel-based one. The cobalt–nickel catalysts showed the most stable behavior with a constant conversion degree (98%) in the range of 475–600 °C.