Influence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors in COVID-19 patients. Data from a large prospective Spanish cohort

Abstract Introduction and objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. Retrospective data showed worse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Our aim was to evaluate the link between CVD and CV risk factors and in-hospital outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Methods We designed a prospective registry that included consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted at our institution. The inclusion period was from 27 February to 7 April 2020. Clinical outcomes were monitored up to 2 May 2020. Results A total of 876 patients were included. Mean age was 62 ± 18 years old; 47% were > 65 years of age. A total of 69% of patients had at least one CV risk factor; 15% of the patients had previous history of CVD. Patients with previous CVD were significantly older (77 ± 11 vs 60 ± 18 years old; P 65 years old (OR, 15; 95%CI, 5–43), chronic congestive heart failure (OR, 3.27; 95%CI, 1.38–7.72) and chronic kidney disease (OR, 8.55; 95%CI, 1.47–5.46) as independent predictors of death. Conclusions In patients admitted for COVID-19, CVD or CV risk factors are associated with an increased risk of death during hospitalization. We found that older age, history of congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease are independent predictors of death in COVID-19.