Assessment of black carbon exposure level and health economic loss in China

Based on the geographic information system (GIS) software and the application of the black carbon (BC) and fine particulate matter ( PM_2.5 ) ratio method, this paper analyzed and calculated the national BC distribution from 2015 to 2017 and evaluated the national human exposure to BC. The results showed that from 2015 to 2017, 2/3 of the national land area and nearly half of the population were exposed to 1–3 μ g/m^3 , and the area and population exposed to a concentration less than 2 μ g/m^3 increased yearly, while the area and population exposed to a concentration higher than 9 μ g/m^3 decreased yearly. The estimated economic loss showed that 77.3