The evolution of urethral stricture and urethroplasty practice over 15 years: A single-center, single-surgeon, 1319 urethroplasty analysis

Introduction: The management of urethral stricture has evolved over the last several decades. We sought to analyze urethral stric-ture and urethroplasty trends at a tertiary referral center over a 15-year period. Methods: Patients undergoing urethroplasty by a single surgeon from August 2003 to July 2018 were analyzed. Patient demograph-ics, urethroplasty techniques, and outcomes were collected in a prospectively maintained database and were categorized into three five-year tertiles based on date of surgery. These tertiles were subse-quently retrospectively analyzed for trends and changes in practice. Results: A total of 1319 urethroplasties were completed over the study period. During the first five years (T1), 299 urethroplasties were performed, with 431 and 589 performed in T2 and T3, respectively. Mean overall patient age was 46.8 years, which increased signifi-cantly over time (p<0.001). Idiopathic strictures were most common (n=516, 39.1%) and unchanged over time, while proportionately radiation-induced strictures increased (n=9, 3.0% [T1], n=22, 5.1% [T2], n=51, 8.7% [T3]; p=0.001) as did iatrogenic and lichen sclero-sus strictures. Mean stricture length (4.7 cm [T1], 4.8 cm [T2], 4.0 cm [T3]; p<0.001) and the mean number of prior endoscopic procedures (3.4 [T1], 3.9 [T2], and 2.5 [T3]; p<0.001] decreased over time. Single-stage urethroplasty with buccal mucosa was the most com-mon technique performed (n=656, 49.7%) that increased in preva-lence (p=0.009), while both flap and staged techniques decreased (p=0.008, p=0.004, respectively). Overall success rate was 90.1% (n=1106), which improved significantly with time (n=248, 86.7% [T1], n=359, 90.0% [T2], n=499, 93.4% [T3]; p=0.001). Conclusions: We observed that patients and treatment of urethral stricture evolved over 15 years in practice, with an increase in patient age, radiation, and iatrogenic and lichen sclerosus strictures, while demonstrating a decrease in stricture length and the number of prior endoscopic procedures performed. Increased use of single-stage urethroplasty using buccal mucosa was observed, which may have contributed to an increase in urethroplasty success over time.