Garcinia Biflavonoid 1 Improves Lipid Metabolism in HepG2 Cells via Regulating PPAR alpha

Garcinia biflavonoid 1 (GB1) is one of the active chemical components of Garcinia kola and is reported to be capable of reducing the intracellular lipid deposition, which is the most significant characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, its bioactive mechanism remains elusive. In the current study, the lipid deposition was induced in HepG2 cells by exposure to oleic acid and palmitic acid (OA&PA), then the effect of GB1 on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress and the role of regulating PPAR alpha in these cells was investigated. We found that GB1 could ameliorate the lipid deposition by reducing triglycerides (TGs) and upregulate the expression of PPAR alpha and SIRT6, suppressing the cell apoptosis by reducing the oxidative stress and the inflammatory factors of ROS, IL10, and TNF alpha. The mechanism study showed that GB1 had bioactivity in a PPAR alpha-dependent manner based on its failing to improve the lipid deposition and oxidative stress in PPAR alpha-deficient cells. The result revealed that GB1 had significant bioactivity on improving the lipid metabolism, and its potential primary action mechanism suggested that GB1 could be a potential candidate for management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.