Dynapenic abdominal obesity is associated with mild cognitive impairment in patients with cardiometabolic disease: a cross-sectional study

Dementia is an important health issue for older people and requires early intervention in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage to manage risk factors. Both dynapenia (DP) and abdominal obesity (AO) are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the association between MCI and dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO), a combination of DP and AO. A total of 417 older outpatients with cardiometabolic diseases without severe cognitive impairment were studied to compare cognitive function in four groups: control, DP, AO, and DAO groups. DAO was defined as the combination of DP (handgrip strength of < 28 kg and < 18 kg in men and women, respectively) and AO (waist circumference of ≥ 85 cm and ≥ 90 cm in men and women, respectively). MCI was defined as a score of ≤ 25 in the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine if MCI was independently associated with DAO, low handgrip strength, or high waist circumference. The DAO group obtained the lowest cognitive test scores and had the highest prevalence of MCI. Furthermore, after adjusting for covariates, the logistic regression analysis showed that patients in the DAO group were at an increased risk of MCI (odds ratio [OR] = 3.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–13.77). Further logistic regression analyses revealed that both low handgrip strength (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.11–4.29) and high waist circumference (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.03–3.99) were associated with MCI. DAO, which can be easily diagnosed by a combination of handgrip strength and waist circumference, was associated with MCI in patents with cardiometabolic metabolic disease. This study suggests that screening for MCI in DAO patients could be important for early intervention of dementia prevention.