Methylmercury induced apoptosis of human neuroblastoma cells through the reactive oxygen species mediated caspase and poly ADP-ribose polymerase/apoptosis-inducing factor 1 dependent pathways

Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental neurotoxic substance, which can easily cross the blood-brain barrier, causing irreversible damage to the human central nervous system. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in various ways of intracellular physiological or pathological processes including neuronal apoptosis. This study attempted to explore the role of ROS-mediated poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)/apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (AIF) apoptosis signaling pathway in the process of MeHg-induced cell death of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Here, we found that SH-SY5Y cells underwent apoptosis in response to MeHg, which was accompanied by the increased levels of ROS and calcium ion, and the activation of caspase cascades and PARP. Inhibiting the production of ROS can reduce the apoptosis rate to a certain extent. PARP/AIF apoptotic pathway is independent of caspase dependent signaling pathway and regulates it. In conclusion, these results suggest that ROS mediated activation of caspase pathway and PARP/AIF signaling pathway are involved in MeHg induced apoptosis, and these two pathways interact with each other.