Predictive accuracy of admission cardiotocography as a screening tool for perinatal asphyxia in high-risk parturients in Northern Nigeria

Objective To determine the predictive accuracy of admission cardiotocography (CTG) as a screening test for perinatal asphyxia in high-risk parturients. Methods A prospective study was done on a group of 180 high-risk parturients in the labor ward of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital were subjected to a 30-min admission cardiotocography. Results were categorized based on the RCOG criteria. Those with normal results were allowed to progress in labor, while those with abnormal results had their delivery expedited. Umbilical artery blood gas analysis was done at delivery. Measured variables were expressed in descriptive statistics. Tests of association for categorical variables were done using the non-parametric chi-square test (P-value of <= 0.05). The Binary logistic regression model was used to control potential confounders. Results After excluding five cord blood samples, 175 samples were analyzed. The CTG was reassuring in 149 (85.1%), non-reassuring in 15 (8.6%), and abnormal in 11 (6.3%) women. Fetal distress developed in 5 (3.4%) and 7 (46.7%) of reassuring and non-reassuring groups, respectively. The test had 91% sensitivity, specificity was 68.8%, and the predictive accuracy was 88.6% for asphyxia using base deficit. Conclusion The admission that cardiotocography is useful in detecting fetuses at risk of perinatal asphyxia in high-risk deliveries.