An investigation into the morphology and crystallization process of lithium borate glass containing vanadium oxide

A series of lithium borate glasses with V2O5 were successfully prepared by melt annealing. The glass-ceramics were made by heating the glass to the glass transition temperature (T-g), then heating it to the crystallization temperature (T-c), converting it from a vitreous state to a crystalline state. This study found a link between the glass transition (T-g) and V2O5 ratio in the host glass, with T-g rising from 345 degrees C for base glass to 419 degrees C for glass containing 2% V2O5. The glass stability of the base sample was higher than that of the V2O5 samples. XRD analysis revealed the main crystalline phase in the derived glass-ceramics to be Li2B4O7 tetragonal, with crystalline traces of Li(2)B(2)O(4 center dot)16H(2)O phase. Similarly, crystallite growth on plane (112) decreased from 253 angstrom(the base) to 239 angstrom(2% V2O5). Vitreous structure was existed in the glass samples, while spherical particles were found in the derived glass-ceramic materials. The spherical particles began to take on large geometric shapes as the V2O5 content increased from 1% to 2%. All glass-ceramic samples have traces of vitreous material. Glass and glass-ceramics with structural units of BO3, BO4, boroxol rings, and B-O-B linkages were also presented. The phonon-energy (E-ph) and optical transition (E-g) showed a strong correlation with V2O5 content. As V2O5 increased between the conduction and valence bands, E-ph increased from 99 to 232 meV and E-g decreased from 3.164 to 2.250 eV. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.