Episodic complexity and the emergence of a coastal kingdom: Climate, cooperation, and coercion in Southwest Florida

•Midden sediments were repurposed to raise mounds beginning ca. CE 1000.•A monumental structure was built and maintained ca. CE 1000–1570.•Constructed “watercourts” functioned to trap and store fish.•The Spanish fort of San Antón featured an early form of tabby construction.•Calusa resilience was based on innovative responses to historical contingencies.