Recent advances in applications of hybrid natural polymers as adsorbent for perfluorinated compounds removal – review paper

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) is a family of carcinogen that possess unique properties of highly chemically stable, high surface activity and higher thermal resistance that have been extensively used in the manufacturing industry as for the production of consumer products such as textile, film-forming foam, fluoropolymers, and many other industrial processes. Recently, emerging contamination of PFCs is increasing concerns among the environmental quality experts globally due to their toxicity, detrimental effect, persistent and hard to biodegrade in the environment. The mixture of the aqueous solution containing hazardous PFCs has led to serious water contamination into our main water sources and potentially brings tremendously adverse effects, risk of diseases and disorders towards an abiotic and biotic ecosystem that was specifically threatening the living organisms’ health such as plant, animal and human. The elimination of PFCs pollutants is essential and has been crucial to demand attention to conserve pure, clean, and safe water resources. Herein, the feasibility of remediating PFCs from polluted aqueous solution by using various types of functional hybrid adsorbents based on natural polymers through a superior adsorptive mechanism has been reported in detail in this review paper. Particularly, the use of natural and renewable polymeric material on the fabrication of natural polymer-based adsorbents has been owing to their peculiar characteristics such as biodegradability, economic viability, the potential to reuse, and comprised of abundantly functional groups that can encourage and empower the elimination process of PFCs. The adsorption behaviour on several classes of PFCs onto different types of hybrid adsorbents was summarized, and various possible interactions mechanism like electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and hydrogen bonding were fully reviewed. Moreover, the adsorption performance removal on PFCs between single-based adsorbent and multiple-based adsorbents was systematically compared and described to determine the execution removal capabilities for each adsorbent. In addition to a detailed review of the published studies, the kinetics and isotherms aspects of PFCs adsorption were reported with various adsorption models, and several adsorption parameters such as the effects of initial PFCs concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature on adsorption performance were investigated and the regeneration potential of the adsorbent was also discussed in this article.