Integrated Fertilizers Synergistically Bolster Temperate Soybean Growth, Yield, and Oil Content

For ensuring food security and imparting sustainability to modern commercial-oriented and highly intensive temperate farming systems, organic wastes from poultry and dairy industries constitute biologically viable strategy to improve crops productivity under changing climate. A field trial was undertaken to appraise the impact of broiler litter (BL = 5 tons ha(-1)), farm yard slurry (FYS = 10 tons ha(-1)), and chemical fertilizers including di-ammonium phosphate (DAP = 60 kg ha(-1)) and single super phosphate (SSP = 60 kg ha(-1)) applied solely and in conjunction with each other, along with a control treatment (NM). The synergistic fertilization regime encompassing BL+DAP triggered the vegetative growth of soybean as indicated by taller plants having thicker stems and higher leaf area per plant compared to NM. In addition, this fertilization management system improved reproductive yield attributes including pods number and 100-seeds weight which maximized the seed yield, harvest index, seed oil content, and biological yield by 66%, 5%, 31%, and 23% respectively than NM. Moreover, this fertilizers combination was followed by SSP + BL, while BL performed better than FYS and DAP remained superior to SSP. Furthermore, the correlation analyses indicated moderately stronger direct association of seed yield with vegetative growth traits and highly stronger linear relationship with reproductive yield attributes. Thus, co-application of broiler litter (5 tons ha(-1)) with reduced doses of DAP (60 kg ha(-1)) might be recommended to temperate soybean growers having access to poultry wastes.