The role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the development of malignant pleural effusion

Background and Aim: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common clinical problem. Management options are mainly pleurodesis and drainage for years. Novel therapies targeting molecules that play role in the fluid formation are needed to avoid interventional procedures. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of MCP-1 in the development of MPE. Methods: Pleural effusion samples (8-10 ml) were collected from 100 patients who were grouped as Group 1 (MPE, n=56), Group 2 (Benign exudate, n=27) and Group 3 (Transudate, n=17). Effusions were centrifuged immediately at 4ºC, supernatants were stored at -80ºC. MCP-1 levels were determined by ELISA kit (USCN, Wuhan). Results: Median MCP-1 levels were significantly different between the groups (Group 1: 1303 pg/ml, Group 2: 926 pg/ml, Group 3: 211 pg/ml) (p<0.001). MCP-1 levels were significantly higher but similar in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3. When group 1 and 2 patients were evaluated together, pleural fluid MCP-1 and LDH levels were positively correlated (r=0.38; p=0.001) and MCP-1 levels significantly increase as the amount of pleural fluid increases (p=0.007). Conclusion: MCP-1 levels were similarly high in both Group 1 and 2. Inflammation accompanying the tumor might have a role in fluid formation. The development of biological therapies targeting MCP-1 may contribute to the management of MPE.