360-Degree Approaches to the Craniocervical Junction: A Technical and Anatomical Overview of the Far Lateral, Anterolateral, and Endoscopic Endonasal Far Medial Approach

Introduction: Surgical treatments of ventral and ventrolateral lesions of the craniocervical junction are among the most challenging neurosurgical pathologies to treat. Three surgical techniques, the far lateral approach (and its variations), the anterolateral approach and the endoscopic far medial approach can be used to approach and resect lesions in this area.