Primary Closure Versus T Tube Drainage in Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration: Has the Paradigm Already Changed?

The question of how to close de common bile duct (CBD) following of laparoscopic bile duct exploration (LCBDE) remains a topic of debate. Traditionally, the CBD is closed with T-tube drainage after choledochotomy and removal of CBD stones. With advances in laparoscopic instrumentation and acquisition of advanced laparoscopic skills primary duct closure without a T-tube has been proposed as an alternative. In recent studies primary closure has been showing less complications, shorter hospitalization stay and reduced operative times discouraging the routine use of T-tube after LCBDE. AIM