2D metal carbides and their hybrid nanostructure: fundamental, synthesis, and applications

The novel two-dimensional transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXenes) have attracted more attention in both academia and industry due to their distinct mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties. In this chapter, we briefly discuss the efficient route for the synthesis of the MAX phase (especially Ti3AlC2) and functionalization to corresponding MXene (Ti3C2Tx) along with their various properties and applications toward energy storage and conversion. In addition, a summary of the literature survey of electrochemical properties of MXenes and their composites has been discussed to unravel their activity performance. Concomitantly, a summary on the key challenges in development of MXene-based devices including their purity, conductivity, surface functionalization, and environmental stability has been discussed.