Tumor-microenvironment triggered signal-to-noise boosting nanoprobes for NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging guided tumor surgery and NIR-II photothermal therapy

High quantum yield quantum dots (QDs) with the emission in the sub-second near infrared window (NIR-IIb, 1500-1700 nm) can afford higher resolution, a deeper penetration depth and zero auto-fluorescence for bioimaging. However, low tumor accumulation, the rapid renal clearance and potential toxicity impeding their biomedical applications. Here, we report a tumor microenvironment responsive hollowed virus-bionic MnO2 nanoshell with IR1061 loading in the cavity and QDs (PbS@CdS) anchoring on the surface for precise NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging guided tumor surgery and efficient NIR-II photothermal therapy. This QDs based nanoprobe could efficiently adhere on tumor cells to realize efficient tumor tissue accumulation. NIR-IIb fluorescence of tumor margin could be successfully delineating after extracellular weak acid triggered MnO2 biodegradation for IR1061 release with remarkable NIR-IIb signal-to-noise boosting. Then, it could facilitate complete dissection of various tumor models with the assistance of NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging. Moreover, the fascinating efficacy for micro-metastasis eradication via NIR-II photothermal effects can be achieved under NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging guidance. Specifically, in combination with negligible system toxicity, our nanoprobes showed great potential as a versatile NIR-IIb fluorescent imaging platform for precise tumor surgery and tumor therapy guidance for future clinical translation.