Bioactive Compounds from Mimosa pudica Leaves Extract with Their -glucosidase and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitory Activities in vitro and in silico Approaches

Background: Mimosa pudica Linn has been used in traditional medicine to support the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we aimed to isolate and evaluate alpha-glucosidase and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities of bioactive compounds from Mimosa pudica's leaf extract. Methods: Mimosa pudica leaves were extracted with 80% of ethanol. Bioactive compounds were isolated using a column chromatographic technique and elucidated the structure based on the nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry spectral data. The alpha-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated using p-nitrophenyl phosphate and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate, respectively. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics are used to study the interaction between isolated compounds and proteins. Lipinski's rule of five was used to evaluate the drug-like properties of isolated compounds. Predict pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using the pkCSM tool. Results: Protocatechuic acid and syringic acid were isolated and identified using spectroscopic methods. Protocatechuic acid and syringic acid considerably inhibited alpha-glucosidase enzyme at IC50 values of 416.17 +/- 9.41 mu M and 490.78 +/- 9.28 mu M, respectively. Furthermore, protocatechuic acid and syringic acid expressed strong PTP1B inhibitory activity at IC50 values of 248.83 +/- 7.66 mu M and 450.31 +/- 7.77 mu M, respectively. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics results showed the interactions of protocatechuic acid and syringic acid with amino acids of PTP1B and alpha-glucosidase enzyme. Lipinski's rule of five and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity studies predicted that protocatechuic acid and syringic acid have drug-likeness properties. In molecular docking simulation, protocatechuic acid and syringic acid gave relatively negative free binding energies and interacted with many amino acids in the active sites of PTP1B and alpha-glucosidase. The molecular dynamics simulation results of the complexes were also relatively stable. Conclusion: Our results showed that protocatechuic and syringic acids could be promising compounds for type 2 diabetes treatment.