A multi-cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope in the western Pacific Ocean
arxiv(2022)
摘要
Next-generation neutrino telescopes with significantly improved sensitivity
are required to pinpoint the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux
detected by IceCube and uncover the century-old puzzle of cosmic ray origins. A
detector near the equator will provide a unique viewpoint of the neutrino sky,
complementing IceCube and other neutrino telescopes in the Northern Hemisphere.
Here we present results from an expedition to the north-eastern region of the
South China Sea, in the western Pacific Ocean. A favorable neutrino telescope
site was found on an abyssal plain at a depth of ∼ 3.5km. At depths below
3km, the sea current speed, water absorption and scattering lengths for
Cherenkov light, were measured to be v_c<10cm/s,
λ_abs≃ 27m and λ_sca≃ 63m,
respectively. Accounting for these measurements, we present the design and
expected performance of a next-generation neutrino telescope, TRopIcal DEep-sea
Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT). With its advanced photon-detection technology and
large dimensions, TRIDENT expects to observe the IceCube steady source
candidate NGC 1068 with 5σ significance within 1 year of operation. This
level of sensitivity will open a new arena for diagnosing the origin of cosmic
rays and probing fundamental physics over astronomical baselines.
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