Sensitivity Optimization of Biosensors Based on Two-Dimensional Materials for Breast Health Monitoring

In this article, we propose an efficient approach of 2-D materials and biological cells modeling, which is defined by redefining their electromagnetic boundary conditions in terms of waves. It is a 2-D approach, so it was carried out without involving volumetric discretization, which gives a short simulation time. Then, we propose and analyze a tunable THz sensor which consists of a patch and ring resonator, in which a sample carrier is located in the middle of it to put the biological cells. This resonator is composed by one or two layers of 2-D materials stacked in the $z$ -direction. The sensing performance of this sensor can be readily tuned by controlling the black phosphorus (BP) electron doping or the graphene chemical potential. In the experiment, the performances of the proposed sensor are tested by analyzing different configurations based on 2-D materials. The final results indicated that when we combined the advantages of graphene and BP (G-BP), the hybrid structure (G-BP) gives more efficient results compared to pure BP or graphene-based structure. In our electromagnetic simulations, the sensitivity reaches 23.866 and 28.149 THz/RIU in healthy and cancer cells. The proposed G-BP sensor in this article is a promising candidate for the THz biomedical sensors due to its high sensitivity, tunability, and simple structure.