Multi-Hop D2D Communication in Cellular Networks to Minimize EMR

With the advent of IoT, and the growing demand of infotainment, the number of data sources transmitting at high data rates for long duration is increasing rapidly. It results an ever increasing level of associated Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) in our surroundings. The transmission powers from the near-field sources like mobile phones along with the duration of sessions are the crucial factors to accurately assess the harmful effects of EMR exposure from these devices. In order to limit and balance the EMR exposure from these sources, this paper, proposes short-range multi-hop packet forwarding technique with cognitive channel allocation for newer technologies of LTE. Theoretical analysis presented here, establishes bounds on the permissible channels and matching data rates to be used by the nodes to balance the duration of transmission maintaining the safe limit of Specific Absorption Rate ( SAR ). Based on this strategy, algorithm is developed for multi-hop packet routing with channel selection using cognitive radio. Extensive simulation studies on 5G New Radio (NR) band show significant improvement in energy efficiency with nearly balanced transmission duration and SAR reducing the near-field heating effect throughout the network.