Pseudo-capacitive and kinetic enhancement of metal oxides and pillared graphite composite for stabilizing battery anodes

Nanostructured TiO 2 and SnO 2 possess reciprocal energy storage properties, but challenges remain in fully exploiting their complementary merits. Here, this study reports a strategy of chemically suturing metal oxides in a cushioning graphite network (SnO 2 [O]rTiO 2 -PGN) in order to construct an advanced and reliable energy storage material with a unique configuration for energy storage processes. The suggested SnO 2 [O]rTiO 2 -PGN configuration provides sturdy interconnections between phases and chemically wraps the SnO 2 nanoparticles around disordered TiO 2 (SnO 2 [O]rTiO 2 ) into a cushioning plier-linked graphite network (PGN) system with nanometer interlayer distance (~ 1.2 nm). Subsequently, the SnO 2 [O]rTiO 2 -PGN reveals superior lithium-ion storage performance compared to all 16 of the control group samples and commercial graphite anode (keeps around 600 mAh g −1 at 100 mA g −1 after 250 cycles). This work clarifies the enhanced pseudo-capacitive contribution and the major diffusion-controlled energy storage kinetics. The validity of preventing volume expansion is demonstrated through the visualized image evidence of electrode integrity.