Dynamics of nitrous oxide emissions from two cropping systems in southwestern France over 5 years: Cross impact analysis of heterogeneous agricultural practices and local climate variability

•Irrigated maize is associated with high annual N2O emissions reaching 7.96 kgN ha−1.•Spring mineralisation highly contributes to the annual N2O emissions of summer crops.•Incorporating cover crop by deep tillage when the WFPS is high triggers N2O emission peaks.•Optimizing agronomic and economic performance of growing crops (low n surplus and high NUEagro) may mitigate N2O emissions.