Haemogregarines of the Genera Haemogregarina, Hemolivia, and Hepatozoon Infecting Vietnamese Freshwater Turtles, with Additional Notes on Primer Specificity and Primer-template Mismatches Affecting Diagnostic Success

•Hemolivia and Hepatozoon found in freshwater turtles for the first time.•Haemogregarina cuorae redescribed and reassigned to the genus Hepatozoon.•Haemogregarina cyclemydis sp. nov. and Hemolivia cruciata sp. nov. newly described.•Coinfections by various haemogregarine genera and evolutionary lineages detected.•Primers widely used for haemogregarines show variable specificity.