Phenolic Acids from Fructus Chebulae Immaturus Alleviate Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice through the PPARα/NF-κB Pathway

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R) injury is a common life-threatening complication with high morbidity and mortality. Chebulae Fructus Immaturus, the unripe fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz., also known as “Xiqingguo” or “Tibet Olive” in China, has been widely used in traditional Tibetan medicine throughout history. The phenolic acids’ extract of Chebulae Fructus Immaturus (XQG for short) has exhibited strong antioxidative, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and antibacterial activities. However, whether XQG can effectively ameliorate II/R injuries remains to be clarified. Our results showed that XQG could effectively alleviate II/R-induced intestinal morphological damage and intestinal barrier injury by decreasing the oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cell death. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed that the main action mechanism of XQG protecting against II/R injury was involved in activating PPARα and inhibiting the NF-κB-signaling pathway. Our study suggests the potential usage of XQG as a new candidate to alleviate II/R injury.