Outcome of Repeated Resection of Pulmonary Metastases for Renal Cell Cancer

Background To date, many studies investigated results and prognostic factors of pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) in renal cell cancer (RCC). However, reports concerning repeated resection for patients with recurrent pulmonary metastases (RPM) are limited. In this study, we analyzed safety, efficacy, and prognostic factors for survival after PM focusing on RPM for RCC. Patients and Methods Clinical, operative, and follow-up data of patients who underwent PM or RPM for RCC in our institution were retrospectively collected and correlated with each other from January 2005 to December 2019. Results Altogether 154 oncological pulmonary resections in curative intention as PM or RPM were performed in 82 and 26 patients. Postoperative complications were similar in both groups ( n = 22 [26.8%] vs. 4 [15.4%], p = 0.2). Zero mortality was documented up to the 30th postoperative day. RPM was not associated with decreased 5-year-survival compared with PM (66.2 vs. 57,9%, p = 0.5). Patients who underwent RPM for recurrent lung metastases had a better overall survival in comparison with the other treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and best supportive care ( p = 0.04). In the multivariate analysis, disease-free survival was identified as an independent prognostic factor for survival (hazard ratio: 0.969, 0.941-0.999, p = 0.04). Conclusion RPM is a safe and feasible procedure. The resection of recurrent lung metastases shows to prolong survival in comparison with the other therapeutic options for selected patients with RCC.