Applied ontology for phenomenological psychopathology? A cautionary tale – Authors' reply

We thank our esteemed colleagues for welcoming our proposal to initiate and spearhead the development of the Ontology of Phenomenological Psychopathology (OPheP).1 Rosa Ritunnano and colleagues rightly point out that for the OPheP initiative to maximise its potential, it must avoid the hard-learned pitfalls of the DSM and ICD projects. These have been criticised for their non-open and centralised approaches, inflexible taxonomies, and contribution to the stagnation of research and clinical practice.