Remission of Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Risk in Patients after 5 Years of Bariatric Surgery: A Case-Control Study

The treatment of obesity and diabetes involves weight loss and metabolic control. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the remission of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the reduction of cardiometabolic risk (CR), in patients with obesity and T2DM, after five years of Bariatric Surgery (BS) and followed up in the Public Healthcare System (PHS). This is an observational, retrospective, and analytical study, single-center, with pre-diabetes or T2DM, with five years or more of conventional treatment (CT, n = 38) or BS (n = 33). Socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric, biochemical, drugs intake, cardiovascular, and glycemic parameters were evaluated. The baseline characteristics of the BS and CT samples were similar. The study consisted predominantly of women (91.6%) and had a mean age of 46.1 ± 9.0 years. The BS group waited an average of 28.3 ± 24.4 months prior to surgery, and 93.9% had a gastric bypass. Compared to the CT group, the BS group had a higher level of educational achievement (p = 0.001), a higher prevalence of social drinkers (p = 0.006), and a higher BMI (p < 0.001). After five years, 22 patients (66,7%) of the BS group had complete remission of T2DM and 20 (60,6%) had remission of CR (both p < 0.0001). In the CT group 1 (2,6%) and 7 (18.4%) had remission of T2DM and CR respectively. BS is superior to CT for achieving remission of pre-diabetes/T2DM, reducing CR, and anthropometric markers in patients with obesity.