Single dual-mode gas sensor for early safety warning of Li-ion batteries: micro-scale Li dendrite and electrolyte leakage

Abstract Li dendrite and electrolyte leakage are common causes of Li-ion batteries failure. H2, generated by Li dendrite, and electrolyte vapors have been regarded as gas markers of the early safety warning of Li-ion batteries. SnO2-based gas sensors, widely used for a variety of applications, are promising for the early safety detection of Li-ion batteries, which are necessary and urgent for developments of Li-ion battery system. However, the traditional SnO2 sensor with a single signal cannot show intelligent identification of multi-gas. The single dual-mode (direct and alternating current modes) SnO2 sensor was proved the discrimination of electrolyte vapors and H2, released in different status of Li-ion batteries, togethering with principal component analysis (PCA) analysis. This work provides insight for the intelligent technology of single gas sensors.