Flow-through in-situ evaporation membrane enabled self-heated membrane distillation for efficient desalination of hypersaline water

Flow-through in-situ evaporation membrane with salt rejection, hydration, thermal insulation and efficient joule heating properties, enables in-situ evaporation of water, avoids heat loss, permits only vapor to pass through under an appropriate vacuum pressure during membrane distillation, greatly improving the energy efficiency in hypersaline water desalination. This may trigger in-situ evaporation technology for desalination with ease of upscaling and processing.