Baseline Assessments of Psychomotor Aptitude Are Associated With the Future Operative Performance of Surgical Trainees A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Objective:This study sought to investigate the association between validated psychomotor ability tests and future in-theater and simulated operative performance. Background:Assessments of visuospatial ability, perceptual ability, and manual dexterity correlate with simulated operative performance. Data showing the predictive value of such assessments in relation to future performance in the workplace is lacking. Methods:Core surgical residents in Ireland recruited from 2016 to 2019 participated in assessments of baseline perceptual, visuospatial, and psychomotor ability; Pictorial Surface Orientation (PicSOr) testing, digital visuospatial ability testing, and manual dexterity testing. Operative performance was prospectively assessed using the in-theater Supervised Structured Assessment of Operative Performance (SSAOP) tool, and simulation-based Operative Surgical Skill (OSS) assessments performed over a 2-year core training period. SSAOP assessments were scored using a 15-point checklist and a global 5-point operative performance score. OSS assessments were scored using procedure-specific checklists. Univariate correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the association between fundamental ability measures and operative performance. Results:A total of 242 residents completed baseline psychomotor ability assessments. Aggregated fundamental ability scores were associated with performance in submitted workplace-based SSAOP assessments using the Total Checklist score (P=0.002) and Overall Performance scores (P=0.002), independent of operative experience, and undergraduate centile scores. Aggregated ability scores were also positively associated with simulation-based OSS assessment scores on multivariable analysis (P=0.03). Conclusion:This study indicates that visuospatial, psychomotor, and perceptual ability testing scores are associated with the future operative performance of surgical residents.