Dysfunctional rules in organizations: The mediating role of organizational dehumanization in the relationship between red tape and employees' outcomes

This research investigates the extent to which employees facing unnecessary, ineffective, and burdensome rules (i.e., red tape) feel dehumanized by their organization, and examines the consequences of such a relationship for both employees and organizations. First, a cross-sectional study (N = 374) shows that red tape is positively related to organizational dehumanization which, in turn, negatively influences employees' well-being (decreased job satisfaction and increased psychosomatic strains) and attitudes (decreased affective commitment and increased turnover intentions). Going one step further, a second, experimental study manipulating red tape (N = 197) indicates that red tape has a positive causal effect on organizational dehumanization, hence decreasing job satisfaction and affective commitment, and increasing turnover intentions. Finally, a third, cross-sectional study (N = 479) replicates these findings and shows that these links do not differ across the public and private sectors. Directions for future research and practical implications are discussed.