Quantitative investigation of thermal evolution and graphitisation of diamond abrasives in powder bed fusion-laser beam of metal-matrix diamond composites

Preventing the thermal damage of diamond abrasives is the major challenge of diamond composites in the field of super-hard tools by laser additive manufacturing. In the presented work, we established a quantitative framework to accurately evaluate the thermal damage behaviour and the relevant microstructure-performance characteristics, by using CuSn10-diamond composite by powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB). By simulating the thermal history of diamond in the molten pool and microstructure characterisation, the critical temperature of 1491.6 degrees C of diamond graphitisation was obtained. Below the critical temperature, the composite with no diamond-graphitisation exhibited abrasive wear and wear loss rate below 0.01%. The increasing temperature led to the aggravation of graphitisation, which ID: IG value changed from 2.00 to 0.57 with the temperature increasing from 1491.6 degrees C to 1896.1 degrees C, resulting in wear mechanism changing from adhesive wear to three-body abrasion, with the wear loss rate from 0.01% to 0.73%. Integrating the results of simulation, microstructures and wear properties, the graphitisation threshold of diamond in PBF-LB was revealed and the quantitative relationship of 'PBF-LB parameters - Temperature - Graphitisation degree - Wear resistance' of the metal-matrix diamond composites was established.