Effective Peer Review: Who, Where, or What?

Peer review is widely viewed as one of the most critical elements in assuring the integrity of scientific literature (Baldwin, 2018; Smith, 2006). Despite the widespread acceptance and utilization of peer review, many difficulties with the process have been identified (Hames, 2014; Horrobin, 2001; Smith, 2006). One of the primary goals of the peer review process is to identify flaws in the work and, by so doing, help editors choose which manuscripts to publish. It is surprising that one of the persistent problems in peer review is assessing the quality of the reviews.