Use of management strategy evaluation to understand the value of citizen science in managing an iconic California recreational fishery

Data-limited fisheries present significant challenges to fisheries management around the world. Landings data represent the simplest and most common source of fishery information, but length data of harvested species can offer particularly useful insight into the strength of fishing pressure and the status of stocks. However, unbiased length data can be difficult and costly to collect, which highlights a need for understanding the utility of non-conventional data collection programs, such as those generated by community members and citizen science programs to improve management decision-making. In this study, our objective was to understand the value of citizen science for management using the iconic California recreational red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) dive fishery. To accomplish this, we employed management strategy evaluation (MSE) to simulate this benthic invertebrate fishery that was sampled by two different fishery independent survey protocols: a community science survey program led by trained volunteers and a professional science survey program led by a state agency. We subjected the data to a range of uncertainties, by including time-varying life history parameters, environmental variability, and effective sample size scenarios, to understand the management level consequences of each survey methodology. Our results show that community science program data collection can serve as a high-quality data source, can be linked directly to fisheries management decisions via a Harvest Control Rule (HCR), and can be a useful information source even in the absence of conventional data sources. Our results are specific to the California red abalone fishery, but they also highlight the potential broader value of community science data collection programs for improving information content of small-scale and recreational fisheries.