A Forward Genetic Screen in C. Elegans Identifies Conserved Residues of Spliceosomal Proteins PRP8 and SNRNP200/BRR2 with a Role in Maintaining 5′ Splice Site Identity

The spliceosome undergoes extensive rearrangements as it assembles onto precursor messenger RNAs. In the earliest assembly step, U1snRNA identifies the 5 ' splice site. However, U1snRNA leaves the spliceosome relatively early in assembly, and 5 ' splice site identity is subsequently maintained through interactions with U6snRNA, protein factor PRP8, and other components during the rearrangements that build the catalytic site. Using a forward genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans, we have identified suppressors of a locomotion defect caused by a 5 ' ss mutation. Here we report three new suppressor alleles from this screen, two in PRP8 and one in SNRNP200/BRR2. mRNASeq studies of these suppressor strains indicate that they also affect specific native alternative 5 ' ss, especially for suppressor PRP8 D1549N. A strong suppressor at the unstructured N-terminus of SNRNP200, N18K, indicates a novel role for this region. By examining distinct changes in the splicing of native genes, examining double mutants between suppressors, comparing these new suppressors to previously identified splicing suppressors from yeast, and mapping conserved suppressor residues onto cryoEM structural models of assembling human spliceosomes, we conclude that there are multiple interactions at multiple stages in spliceosome assembly responsible for maintaining the initial 5 ' ss identified by U1snRNA for entry into the catalytic core.