The feasibility of leadless pacemaker implantation in nonagenarians: case report and literature review.

Iinn tchre aging populations of China, there is aneasing prevalence of various types ofbradycardias that require pacing therapy. In 1958, the first transvenous pacemaker (TVPM) was implanted at Karolinska Hospital in Sweden, which unveiled the era of cardiac pacing therapy.[1] A TVPM includes transvenous electrodes and a pulse gener-ator that is implanted subcutaneously. Despite its obvious benefits, the complication rate associated with TVPM could be as high as 10％,[2] including ele-ctrode dysfunction and device infection. Notably, reports show that among those who developed a device infection, the one-year mortality rate was 12％for a pocket infection and 31％ for an endovascular infection, even after the device was removed.