Time trends in pregnancy-related outcomes among women with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 2004–2017

Objective To examine time trends in US pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus for maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. Study design We abstracted clinical data from the medical records of 700 pregnant women from 2004 to 2017. For each time period, means and percentages were calculated. P values for trend were calculated using linear and logistic regression. Results HbA1c in each trimester was unchanged across the analysis period. The prevalence of nephropathy decreased from 4.8% to 0% ( P = 0.002). Excessive gestational weight gain increased ( P = 0.01). Gestation length also increased ( P = 0.01), as did vaginal deliveries ( P = 0.03). There were no change in birthweight over time ( P = 0.07) and the percentage of neonates with macrosomia and large for gestational age (LGA) neonates also remained unchanged. Conclusion Obstetric guideline changes may have improved gestation length and mode of delivery; however, other outcomes need more attention, including excessive gestational weight gain, macrosomia, and LGA.