3D-FVS: construction and application of three-dimensional fundus vascular structure model based on single image features

Background Fundus microvasculature may be visually observed by ophthalmoscope and has been widely used in clinical practice. Due to the limitations of available equipment and technology, most studies only utilized the two-dimensional planar features of the fundus microvasculature. Methods This study proposed a novel method for establishing the three-dimensional fundus vascular structure model and generating hemodynamic characteristics based on a single image. Firstly, the fundus vascular are segmented through our proposed network framework. Then, the length and width of vascular segments and the relationship among the adjacent segments are collected to construct the three-dimensional vascular structure model. Finally, the hemodynamic model is generated based on the vascular structure model, and highly correlated hemodynamic features are selected to diagnose the ophthalmic diseases. Results In fundus vascular segmentation, the proposed network framework obtained 98.63% and 97.52% on Area Under Curve (AUC) and accuracy respectively. In diagnosis, the high correlation features extracted based on the proposed method achieved 95% on accuracy. Conclusions This study demonstrated that hemodynamic features filtered by relevance were essential for diagnosing retinal diseases. Additionally, the method proposed also outperformed the existing models on the levels of retina vessel segmentation. In conclusion, the proposed method may represent a novel way to diagnose retinal related diseases, which can analysis two-dimensional fundus pictures by extracting heterogeneous three-dimensional features.