Study on the Disintegration Characteristics and Mechanism of Modified Dispersive Soil Based on the C-S-H Synthesis Principle

Since dispersive soil has the characteristic of dispersing and disappearing when making contact with water, lime, fly ash, and cement are often used to modify dispersive soil in engineering. This often causes environmental pollution. Current studies tend to search for environmentally friendly modification methods. A new Ca-Si-modified dispersive soil method was proposed based on the synthesis principle of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Pinhole, mud ball, dispersion, and disintegration tests were used to investigate the modification effect and physical, chemical, and microscopic tests were used to investigate the mechanism. The results show that the dispersivity of soil can be eliminated by using 0.8% CaO or 4% nanosilica. The dispersivity of Ca-Si-treated soil can be eliminated at a 0.5 C/S and a 1% solid dosage. The disintegration characteristics of CaO-modified and Ca-Si-modified soils are different from those of dispersive soil. The final disintegration time of CaO-modified soil was shortened, and the disintegration rate was stable. The Ca-Si-modified soil had the best disintegration resistance at a 0.5 C/S and a 2% solid dosage. With the increase in the C/S, the disintegration resistance was reduced. The mechanism of Ca-Si-modified soil includes reducing the pH and exchangeable sodium percentage and generating calcium silicate hydrate cement. The results show that the Ca-Si treatment method based on the C-S-H synthesis principle can effectively eliminate soil dispersivity and improve disintegration resistance, which can theoretically support the reduction in contamination caused by traditional materials and improve engineering safety.