Lobectomy versus sublobar resection for stage I (T1‐T2aN0M0) small cell lung cancer: A SEER population‐based propensity score matching analysis

Objective: This study evaluated whether sublobar resection (sub-L) is non-inferior to lobectomy (L) for stage I (T1-T2aN0M0) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) regarding long-term overall survival (OS).Methods: Clinicopathological and prognostic data of patients with stage I (pT1-T2aN0M0) SCLC were retrieved. Kaplan-Meier curves and Breslow tests were performed for the assessment of OS. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to mediate the inherent bias of retrospective researches.Results: A total of 188 patients with stage I SCLC were included in this study after PSM. For resected stage I SCLC, surgery plus adjuvant therapy was related to a better OS compared with surgery only (p = 0.016). For resected stage I SCLC, no matter adjuvant therapy was performed or not, no significant difference was observed in long-term OS between the L and sub-L groups (p = 0.181). Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that the OS disadvantage of sub-L over L was not statistically significant for stage I SCLC patients underwent surgery only (p = 0.653), but also for the patients underwent surgery plus adjuvant therapy (p = 0.069). Moreover, in the subgroup analyses according to TNM stage (IA and IB), sex (male and female), and age (>= 70 and < 70 years), OS did not differ between the L and sub-L groups except in female patients (p = 0.008). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that adjuvant therapy was positively associated with OS.Conclusions: Surgery plus adjuvant therapy confers a better survival benefit than surgery only for stage I SCLC patients. However, as far as the range of surgical resection is concerned, sublobar resection may be non-inferior to lobectomy regarding OS. Our study could conduce to the development of optimal therapeutic strategies for stage I SCLC patients. Further validation is warranted in larger retrospective and prospective cohort studies.