Distribution and storage of uranium, and its decay products, in floodplain sediments.

Industrialised rivers contain legacy contaminants stored in their sediments and floodplain soils which may inhibit attainment of environmental quality criteria. The River Fal catchment, SW England, is impacted by inputs from uranium mining and clay production and serves as an exemplar for understanding the consequences of medium-term process dynamics in contaminated basins. Radionuclides were determined, by gamma spectroscopy, in six cores from the river floodplain with the aim of quantifying the activities of U, and its decay products, and the bomb fallout radionuclidesCs and Am. Activity concentrations of U implied inputs from mining, accentuated by flood events and historic industrial accidents, whereas Pb activities included a significant input of unsupported Pb linked to processed mine spoil. The radionuclide inventories did not decrease systematically downstream revealing evidence of attenuation of particulate radionuclides within the river floodplain sediment column. Storage of legacy contaminants in fluvial systems, at levels in excess of contemporary environmental quality guidelines, emphasises the challenges posed by changing climatic conditions. This scenario raises significant consequences for the management of uranium-contaminated, fertile riverine floodplains within Europe.