Detection of Cadmium and Lead in Kidney Stones. Associations with Patient Demographics, Stone Composition, and Smoking.

Patrick L Day,Michelle Wermers,Vanessa Pazdernik,Paul J Jannetto,Joshua A Bornhorst

The journal of applied laboratory medicine（2023）

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摘要

Cd and Pb kidney stone concentrations are associated with specific kidney stone types. Cd and Pb kidney stone concentrations are both associated with smoking.

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关键词

kidney disease,mass spectrometry,toxicology

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