Galbanic Acid, a Sesquiterpene Coumarin As a Novel Candidate for the Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: in Vitro Hemocompatibility, Antiproliferative, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using galbanic acid (GA), a sesquiterpene coumarin. The formation of GA-AgNPs was characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The biosynthesized GA-AgNPs were spherical in shape with an average particle size of 142.33 ± 32.6 nm. The results from the antibacterial assays suggested that biosynthesized GA-AgNPs were more potent against multi-drug resistant (MDR) and non-MDR pathogenic bacteria than the crude GA alone. The nanoparticles also showed potent antiproliferative potential against H1229 and MCF-7 cancer cells with IC50 values of 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL by the MTT assay, respectively. These NPs showed good antioxidant (30 % at 100 µg/mL), anti-inflammatory (99.5 % at 500 µg/mL), and anti-coagulant properties without significant hemolysis on red blood cells (RBCs). These results confirm the benefits of using the green, simple, and cost-effective manner for the synthesis of AgNPs with excellent biological properties and hemocompatibility.