Effect of nano-reinforcing phase on the early hydration of cement paste: A review

Nanotechnology has been widely utilized in the microscopic to macroscopic modification of building materials. The early hydration kinetics will have a significant impact on the characteristics of cement-based materials after consolidation. As a result, research into the early hydration mechanism of nano-reinforced phase composite cement pastes is necessary. The periods of hydration, as well as the composition and structural distribution of the hydration products, are all impacted differently by various types of nanomaterials. The relative hydration degree will be increased to a different extent. The microscopic mechanism of composite pastes' hydration kinetics is closely related to the special properties of nanomaterials. Effective dispersion is the key for nanomaterials to give full play to their properties. The dispersion technique also affects the hydration kinetics. Physical methods will improve the effective doping of nanomaterials and enhance the uniformity of distribution. The effect of chemical methods on the hydration reaction needs to be analyzed specifically according to its type and dosage. In this study, the mechanisms of hydration phenomena in composite pastes, the experiments related to hydration products, and the methods for quantifying the degree of hydration are integrated and discussed. The study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the important effects of the nano-reinforcing phases' specific properties, doping, and dispersion methods on early hydration kinetics. The significance is to provide a theoretical basis for applied research of nanotechnology to modify smart building materials.