Association of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) responses in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)

mRCC treatment has expanded to include several ICIs and combinations with targeted kinase inhibitors. However, only clinical criteria has been validated to predict for ICI treatment responses. We previously described a highly sensitive CTC assay with multivalent binding, e-selectin induced cell rolling, and multiple antibody ligands. We prospectively evaluated whether CTC change would predict for ICI response in mRCC.