Effects of COVID-19 Financial and Social Hardships on Infants' and Toddlers' Development in the ECHO Program.

Sara S Nozadi,Ximin Li,Xiangrong Kong,Brandon Rennie,Deborah Kanda,Debra MacKenzie,Li Luo,Jonathan Posner,Courtney K Blackwell,Lisa A Croen,Assiamira Ferrara,Thomas G O'Connor,Emily Zimmerman,Akhgar Ghassabian,Leslie D Leve,Amy J Elliott,Rebecca J Schmidt,Jenna L N Sprowles,Johnnye L Lewis

International journal of environmental research and public health（2023）

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摘要

Negative developmental changes from pre- to during-pandemic were found in boys, yet we did not find any associations between increased experience of pandemic-related hardships and children's development. E how pandemic hardships affect development using a larger sample size and with longer follow-up is warranted.

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关键词

ASQ,COVID-19,ages and stages questionnaire,early development,pandemic-related hardships

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