A minimum suite of soil health indicators for North American agriculture

•Over 30 soil measurements from long-term research sites across North America.•2012 experimental units sampled from 688 replicated treatments at 124 sites.•Effects of tillage, cover crops, crop rotation, residue, and nutrient amendments.•Selection criteria: links to function, responsive to management, applicable at scale.•Minimum indicators: organic C, c mineralization, and aggregate stability.