The role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in head and neck cancer.

Gabriela Lopes-Santos,Kellen Cristine Tjioe,Marco Antonio de Oliveira Magalhaes,Denise Tostes Oliveira

Archives of oral biology（2023）

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摘要

The effects of GM-CSF in head and neck cancer may be pro- or antitumor. Understanding how one arm and not the other is activated is essential to assess the applicability and the safety of this cytokine as a therapeutic agent.

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关键词

Anti-tumor cytokines,GM-CSF,Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor,Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,Pro-tumor cytokines,Tumor immune microenvironment

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